| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Sapling bark used to make a steambath for stomach troubles. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Heart Medicine Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the chest for heart trouble. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Cambium eaten as a laxative. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Sap from peeled trunk taken in large doses as a laxative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of tips of small spruces taken for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of branch tips and other herbs taken for gonorrhea. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Gum taken for gonorrhea. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Fiber, Basketry Long roots split and used to make finely woven baskets. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Analgesic Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Eye Medicine Gum from new shoots and small branches placed in the eyes for snowblindness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction of twigs with leaves and bark taken for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound containing gum taken before meals for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hahwunkwut Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hahwunkwut Other, Cooking Tools Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla Other, Lighting Pitch applied to the ends of red cedar torches used in night fishing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pitch, Indian hellebore roots and rhizomes applied to sore areas. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Cold Remedy Inner bark chewed for colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark chewed for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled pitch applied to cuts, sores, boils and wounds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Oral Aid Pitch chewed as a breath freshener. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch chewed everyday for tuberculosis. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Basketry Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Candy Pitch chewed like chewing gum. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Roots and red cedar bark used to make bag like implement for the oolichan grease rendering process. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners Branches and roots made into pegs, dipped in pitch and used as nails to hold together bent boxes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood made into rake like implements and used to catch herring and oolichans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make oolichan spears. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Tools Wood used to make a bark peeling tool. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Tools Wood used to make digging sticks. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hanaksiala Drug, Laxative Infusion of dried bough tips taken for constipation. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used to hit & rub boys as part of a ritual treatment to increase their strength & tolerance. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Drug, Analgesic Boughs used to scrub skin, until it bled, for aches and pains. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Drug, Dermatological Aid Rendered pitch and deer oil used as salve for sores and sunburn. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Fiber, Building Material Wood sometimes used as lumber. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Food, Candy Cooled, rendered pitch chewed like gum. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used at girl's puberty potlatch to brush with sweeping motions and scare away bad influences. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Other, Fasteners Rendered pitch used as a glue for arrows and harpoons before they were tied. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Other, Fuel Knots used as fuel to keep the fire burning all night. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hesquiat Other, Weapon Sharpened knots used to make a weapon. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hoh Fiber, Building Material Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hoh Fiber, Cordage Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hoh Other, Toys & Games Timber used to make toys. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Kitasoo Fiber, Building Material Branches used by hunters as shelter. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Kitasoo Food, Dried Food Inner bark cooked and dried for later use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Kitasoo Other, Protection Prickly leaves used to discourage and repel animals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |